What is Torque? | Science Coaching Classes in Kalyan
What is Torque?
Mathematically, torque (τ) is defined as the product of the force (F) applied to an object and the distance (r) from the axis of rotation to the point where the force is applied. The formula for torque is:
�=�×�×sin(�)
Where:
- � is the torque,
- � is the lever arm or the distance from the axis of rotation to the point where the force is applied,
- � is the force applied, and
- � is the angle between the force vector and the lever arm.
Key points about torque:
- Direction of Torque:
- Torque is a vector quantity, meaning it has both magnitude and direction.
- The direction of torque is given by the right-hand rule. If you point your thumb in the direction of the force, and your fingers in the direction of the lever arm, the torque is in the direction of your extended palm.
- Effect on Rotation:
- Torque causes an object to rotate about an axis. The greater the torque applied, the greater the rotational acceleration of the object.
- Units:
- In the International System of Units (SI), torque is measured in newton-meters (Nm). In other systems, it may be measured in pound-feet or other appropriate units.
- Lever Arm Importance:
- The lever arm (distance from the axis of rotation) plays a crucial role. Torque increases with a longer lever arm for a given force or with a larger force for a given lever arm.
- Balanced and Unbalanced Torques:
- If the torques acting on an object are balanced, the object remains in rotational equilibrium. Unbalanced torques cause angular acceleration or deceleration.
- Applications:
- Torque is fundamental in various real-world applications, such as the operation of engines, the opening and closing of doors, and the behavior of tools like wrenches and screwdrivers.
What is Torque?,What is Torque?